Ashoura is a significant and commemorated holiday in Iran, recognized by the Shia Muslim community. The holiday marks the 10th day of Muharram, the first month in the Islamic calendar. It is a day of mourning and sorrow, as it remembers the martyrdom of Imam Husayn, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, in the Battle of Karbala. This battle was a pivotal event in Islamic history as it resulted in the split between the Sunni and Shia sects.
The observance of Ashoura in Iran is marked by public rituals and demonstrations of grief. Participants often engage in matam, a ritual act of mourning which may include rhythmical beating of chests, crying, and chanting. In some cities, men also partake in bloodletting rituals, symbolizing their empathy for Imam Husayn's suffering. The Ta'zieh, a passion play re-enacting the Battle of Karbala, is also a significant feature of the holiday.
Although Ashoura is a deeply somber holiday, it also has a communal aspect that brings people together. Streets are often filled with people providing free food and drink, charity being a significant part of the commemoration. Despite the element of mourning, Ashoura ultimately serves to reinforce the values of sacrifice, courage, and resistance to oppression, as embodied by Imam Husayn. It is a day when the depth of faith in the Shia community is clearly visible.