Pongal is a major multi-day Hindu festival observed by the Tamil community in India, particularly in the state of Tamil Nadu (TN) during the Tamil month of Thai, which falls in mid-January. This holiday is dedicated to the Sun God, called Surya, and the celebration is in gratitude for the bountiful harvest. The term 'Pongal' in Tamil means 'to boil,' reflecting back to the tradition of boiling fresh rice to submit to the Sun God.
Pongal lasts for four days, with each day having its own significance and rituals. The first day is called Bhogi Pongal, where people discard old belongings and celebrate new possessions. The second day, known as Surya Pongal, is the most important day when people cook the Pongal dish outdoors in a traditional pot in the sunlight as a tribute to the Sun God. The third day, Maatu Pongal, is dedicated to cattle who are worshipped for their role in farming.
On the fourth day, Kaanum Pongal, families spend time together, women perform a special ritual for the well-being of their brothers, and people visit relatives and friends. Overall, Pongal is a time for thanking the gods for the harvest, cleaning and renewing the home environment, and spending time with family and community. Traditional music, dance, and sports activities often accompany these celebrations, making Pongal one of the most popular festivals in Tamil Nadu.